Operation and maintenance phase

Magnitude of impact

  1. The presence of Proposed Development infrastructure and/or operation and maintenance activities within the Proposed Development array area and along the Proposed Development export cable corridor, together with the Tier 2 and Tier 3 projects identified in Table 17.11   Open ▸ , may displace recreational vessel activities, resulting in a loss of recreational resource.
  2. It is understood that NnG and Seagreen 1 are currently under construction and updated applications for Inch Cape and Seagreen 1A Export Cable Corridor are being prepared, although the application material is not available at this time. Therefore, it has been assumed for the purposes of this assessment, as a maximum design scenario, operation and maintenance phases for these projects may overlap with the operation and maintenance phase for the Proposed Development. However, due to the lack of project information at this stage, a qualitative assessment is provided below. For the purposes of this assessment, these projects are expected to include similar maintenance activities as those described for the Proposed Development, including similar types of vessels.
  3. The NnG project is likely to be decommissioned during the lifetime of the Proposed Development. It is also likely that the Eastern Link 1 offshore export cables will be decommissioned during the lifetime of the Proposed Development. The decommissioning strategy for these projects is anticipated to be similar to that proposed for the Proposed Development.
  4. At the end of the operational lifetime of the Proposed Development, it is anticipated that all structures above the seabed or ground level will be completely removed where this is feasible and practicable. This will be kept under review depending on current legislation and guidance requirements, best practice and other options may be required including cutting structures below the seabed. It is proposed that an assessment will be undertaken on a maximum design scenario of removing all inter-array cables and offshore export cables. The decommissioning sequence will generally be the reverse of the construction sequence and involve similar types and numbers of vessels and equipment.
  5. As described above, there are a number of recreational vessel activities taking place along the east coast of Scotland, with activity likely to be concentrated inshore of the projects considered in this cumulative assessment. Once the offshore export cables have been installed for each project, only temporary and infrequent maintenance is likely to be required over the project lifetimes, which is unlikely to take place concurrently at multiple project locations. Therefore, the potential for cumulative displacement of recreational vessel activities within the nearshore sea area is considered to be low. There is potential for recreational vessels undertaking long distance journeys further offshore to be displaced by the presence of infrastructure within each application area.
  6. The spatial extent of the impact on boating activities taking place along the east coast of Scotland will be relatively small in the context of the available sailing, boating and sea angling areas in the wider vicinity, with the potential for localised displacement of recreational craft from the individual advisory safety zones and advisory clearance distances around structures and vessels associated with maintenance activities at each project. It is unlikely that maintenance activities at all projects would temporally coincide to displace the same recreational vessel on multiple occasions.
  7. As described in Table 17.9   Open ▸ , NtMs will be issued regularly during the lifetime of the Proposed Development, advising of the location, nature and timing of activities, ensuring that recreational activities can be planned accordingly. Similar measures are likely to apply at the other offshore wind farm projects as standard practice.
  8. The cumulative impact is predicted to be of regional spatial extent, long term duration, intermittent and medium reversibility. It is predicted that the impact will affect the receptor directly. The magnitude is therefore, considered to be low.

Sensitivity of the receptor

  1. It is anticipated that recreational boating and sea angling vessels will be able to alter their route or transit past infrastructure and maintenance activities, given the adequate sea room in the vicinity of each project. There are other locations available for sailing, sea angling and diving activities which are unlikely to be affected by multiple projects at the same time, such that alternatives are available.
  2. The receptor is deemed to be of medium vulnerability, high recoverability and medium value. The sensitivity of the receptor is therefore, considered to be medium.

Significance of the effect

  1. Overall, the magnitude of the cumulative impact is deemed to be low and the sensitivity of the receptor is considered to be medium. The cumulative effect will, therefore, be of minor adverse significance, which is not significant in EIA terms.

Further mitigation and residual effect

  1. No infrastructure and other sea user mitigation is considered necessary because the likely effect in the absence of mitigation is not significant in EIA terms.
Decommissioning phase

Magnitude of impact

  1. The decommissioning of Proposed Development infrastructure within the Proposed Development array area and along the Proposed Development export cable corridor, together with the Tier 2 and Tier 3 projects identified in Table 17.11   Open ▸ , may displace recreational vessels, resulting in a loss of recreational resource.
  2. Figure 17.7   Open ▸ provides an overview of the location of other projects screened into the cumulative assessment in relation to recreational interests. There are general sailing areas associated with Dunbar Sailing Club and East Lothian Yacht Club. Both sailing clubs are adjacent to the offshore Proposed Development export cable corridor, situated northwest of the infrastructure and other users study area - inner area. General boating areas are also located to the south of Elie. Extensive recreational boating occurs in the area of sea between North Berwick, and Elie and Earlsferry, with motor cruising areas extending to the east towards the Proposed Development array area. Smaller levels of displacement may also occur due to site investigation activities associated with NnG, Inch Cape, Seagreen 1 Cable Corridor, Seagreen 1A Export Cable Corridor, and Cambois connection. Additional displacement may also occur during maintenance activities undertaken at Kincardine, Hywind Scotland, and Eastern Link 1 offshore export cables.
  3. The spatial extent of the impact on boating activities taking place along the east coast of Scotland will be relatively small in the context of the available sailing, boating and sea angling area in the wider vicinity, with the potential for localised displacement of recreational craft from the individual advisory safety zones and advisory clearance distances around structures and vessels associated with each project. Advisory safety zones will be temporary until each structure has been installed and commissioned, and advisory clearance distances around vessels will be transient as the vessel progressively completes the relevant installation, maintenance, and survey activity. It is unlikely that the activities of all projects would temporally coincide to displace the same recreational vessel on multiple occasions.
  4. As described in Table 17.9   Open ▸ , NtMs will be issued regularly during the construction phase of the Proposed Development, advising of the location, nature and timing of activities, ensuring that recreational activities can be planned accordingly. Similar measures are likely to apply at the other offshore wind farm projects as standard practice.
  5. The cumulative impact is predicted to be of regional spatial extent, short to medium term duration, intermittent and medium reversibility. It is predicted that the impact will affect the receptor directly. The magnitude is therefore, considered to be low.

Sensitivity of the receptor

  1. It is anticipated that recreational boating and sea angling vessels will be able to alter their route or transit past installation and survey activities, given the adequate sea room in the vicinity of each project. There are other locations available for sailing, sea angling and diving which are unlikely to be affected by multiple projects at the same time, such that alternatives are available.
  2. The receptor is deemed to be of medium vulnerability, high recoverability and medium value. The sensitivity of the receptor is therefore, considered to be medium.

Significance of the effect

  1. Overall, the magnitude of the cumulative impact is deemed to be low and the sensitivity of the receptor is considered to be medium. The cumulative effect will, therefore, be of minor adverse significance, which is not significant in EIA terms.

Further mitigation and residual effect

  1. No infrastructure and other sea user mitigation is considered necessary because the likely effect in the absence of mitigation is not significant in EIA terms.

Displacement of Recreational Activities

Tiers 2 and 3

Construction phase

Magnitude of impact

  1. The installation of Proposed Development infrastructure within the Proposed Development array area and along the offshore export cable routes, together with the Tier 2 and Tier 3 projects identified in Table 17.11   Open ▸ , may displace recreational activities, resulting in a loss of recreational resource.
  2. Figure 17.7   Open ▸ provides an overview of the location of other projects screened into the cumulative assessment in relation to recreational interests. There were 11 dive sites identified from the desktop review that are located within the broad infrastructure and other users study area - potential increased turbidity area (NMPi, 2021). These diving sites, mentioned in order of distance from the shoreline, are referred to as River Garry, Boyne Castle, U12, Dunbar Harbour, Dove, Dunscore, Sabbia, HMS Pathfinder, SS Grenmar, St. Briac, and Burnstone (NMPi, 2021). Diving generally takes place between March/May and October.
  3. Popular surfing areas are known to be located at Seacliff in North Berwick and Belhaven Bay in Dunbar, located north of the Proposed Development export cable corridor (NMPi, 2021). South of the Proposed Development, there are surfing locations in Pease Bay near Cove and Coldingham Bay near Eyemouth. The Proposed Development export cable corridor is located in close proximity to Skateraw Harbour, making landfall on Skateraw Beach. The landfall is in close vicinity of Belhaven Bay, Dunbar East and Whitesands beaches to the north and Coldingham beach located near St. Abbs, to the south of the Proposed Development export cable corridor (NMPi, 2021). Skateraw beach is located within the infrastructure and other users study area. Smaller levels of displacement may also occur due to site investigation activities associated with NnG, Inch Cape, , Seagreen 1 Cable Corridor, Seagreen 1A Export Cable Corridor, and Cambois connection. Additional displacement may also occur during maintenance activities undertaken at Kincardine, Hywind Scotland and Eastern Link 1 offshore export cables.
  4. The spatial extent of the impact on marine recreational activities taking place along the east coast of Scotland will be relatively small in the context of the available shore angling, diving, surfing, kite surfing, wind surfing and beach swimming areas in the wider vicinity, with the potential for localised displacement of recreational activities from the individual advisory safety zones and advisory clearance distances around structures and vessels associated with each project. Advisory safety zones will be temporary until each structure has been installed and commissioned, and advisory clearance distances around vessels will be transient as the vessel progressively completes the relevant installation, maintenance, and survey activity. It is unlikely that the activities of all projects would temporally coincide to displace the same recreational vessel on multiple occasions.
  5. As described in Table 17.9   Open ▸ , NtMs will be issued regularly during the construction phase of the Proposed Development, advising of the location, nature and timing of activities, ensuring that recreational activities can be planned accordingly. Similar measures are likely to apply at the other offshore wind farm projects as standard practice.
  6. The cumulative impact is predicted to be of regional spatial extent, short to medium term duration, intermittent and medium reversibility. It is predicted that the impact will affect the receptor directly. The magnitude is therefore, considered to be low.

Sensitivity of the receptor

  1. It is anticipated that marine recreational activities will be able to alter their route or transit past infrastructure and maintenance activities, given the adequate sea room in the vicinity of each project. There are other locations available shore angling, diving, surfing, kite surfing, wind surfing and beach swimming activities which are unlikely to be affected by multiple projects at the same time, such that alternatives are available.
  2. The receptor is deemed to be of medium vulnerability, high recoverability and medium value. The sensitivity of the receptor is therefore, considered to be medium.

Significance of the effect

  1. Overall, the magnitude of the cumulative impact is deemed to be low and the sensitivity of the receptor is considered to be medium. The cumulative effect will, therefore, be of minor adverse significance, which is not significant in EIA terms.

Further mitigation and residual effect

  1. No infrastructure and other sea user mitigation is considered necessary because the likely effect in the absence of mitigation is not significant in EIA terms.
Operation and maintenance phase

Magnitude of impact

  1. The presence of Proposed Development infrastructure and/or operation and maintenance activities within the Proposed Development array area and along the Proposed Development export cable corridor, together with the Tier 2 and Tier 3 projects identified in Table 17.11   Open ▸ , may displace marine recreational activities, resulting in a loss of recreational resource.
  2. NnG and Seagreen 1 are currently under construction and that an updated application for Seagreen 1A is being prepared. Therefore, it has been assumed for the purposes of this assessment, as a maximum design scenario, that the operation and maintenance phases for these projects may overlap with the operation and maintenance phase for the Proposed Development. However, due to the lack of project information at this stage, a qualitative assessment is provided below. For the purposes of this assessment, these projects are expected to include similar maintenance activities as those described for the Proposed Development, including similar types of vessels.
  3. The NnG project is likely to be decommissioned during the lifetime of the Proposed Development. It is also likely that the Eastern Link 1 offshore export cables will be decommissioned during the lifetime of the Proposed Development. The decommissioning strategy is anticipated to be similar to that proposed for the Proposed Development (i.e. removal of above surface infrastructure, removal of foundations to seabed level, with cables and any scour/cable protection to be left in situ).
  4. As described above, there are a number of recreational activities taking place along the east coast of Scotland, with activity likely to be concentrated inshore of the projects considered in this cumulative assessment. Once the offshore export cables have been installed for each project, only temporary and infrequent maintenance is likely to be required over the project lifetimes, which is unlikely to take place concurrently at multiple project locations. Therefore, the potential for cumulative displacement of recreational vessel activities within the nearshore sea area is considered to be low.
  5. The spatial extent of the impact on recreational activities taking place along the east coast of Scotland will be relatively small in the context of the available shore angling, diving, surfing, kite surfing, wind surfing and beach swimming areas in the wider vicinity, with the potential for localised displacement of recreational activities from the individual advisory safety zones and advisory clearance distances around structures and vessels associated with maintenance activities at each project. It is unlikely that maintenance activities at all projects would temporally coincide to displace the same recreational vessel on multiple occasions.
  6. As described in Table 17.9   Open ▸ , NtMs will be issued regularly during the lifetime of the Proposed Development, advising of the location, nature and timing of activities, ensuring that recreational activities can be planned accordingly. Similar measures are likely to apply at the other offshore wind farm projects as standard practice.
  7. The cumulative impact is predicted to be of regional spatial extent, long term duration, intermittent and medium reversibility. It is predicted that the impact will affect the receptor directly. The magnitude is therefore, considered to be low.

Sensitivity of the receptor

  1. It is anticipated that recreational activities will be able to alter their location or transit past infrastructure and maintenance activities, given the adequate sea room in the vicinity of each project. There are other locations available for shore angling, diving, surfing, kite surfing, wind surfing and beach swimming activities which are unlikely to be affected by multiple projects at the same time, such that alternatives are available.
  2. The receptor is deemed to be of medium vulnerability, high recoverability and medium value. The sensitivity of the receptor is therefore, considered to be medium.

Significance of the effect

  1. Overall, the magnitude of the cumulative impact is deemed to be low and the sensitivity of the receptor is considered to be medium. The cumulative effect will, therefore, be of minor adverse significance, which is not significant in EIA terms.

Further mitigation and residual effect

  1. No infrastructure and other sea user mitigation is considered necessary because the likely effect in the absence of mitigation is not significant in EIA terms.
Decommissioning Phase
  1. The effects of decommissioning activities are expected to be the same or similar to the effects from construction. The significance of effect will, therefore, be of minor adverse significance, which is not significant in EIA terms.

17.12.4.         Proposed Monitoring

  1. No infrastructure and other users monitoring to test the predictions made within the assessment of likely significant effects on infrastructure and other users is considered necessary.

17.13. Transboundary Effects

  1. A screening of transboundary impacts has been carried out and has identified that there were no likely significant transboundary effects with regard to infrastructure and other users from the Proposed Development upon the interests of other European Economic Area (EEA) States.

17.14. Inter-Related Effects

  1. A description of the likely inter-related effects arising from the Proposed Development on infrastructure and other users is provided in volume 2, chapter 20 of the Offshore EIA Report.
  2. For infrastructure and other users, the following potential impacts have been considered within the inter-related assessment:
  • physical restriction on space for recreational craft and recreational fishing vessels;
  • physical restriction on space for recreational activities/recreational fishing; and
  • physical impact or loss of access to existing cables and pipelines.
    1. Table 17.12   Open ▸ lists the inter-related effects (project lifetime effects) that are predicted to arise during the construction, operation and maintenance and decommissioning of the Proposed Development and also the inter-related effects (receptor-led effects) that are predicted to arise for infrastructure and other users receptors.
    2. As noted above, effects on infrastructure and other users also have the potential to have secondary effects on other receptors and these effects are fully considered in the topic-specific chapters. These receptors and effects are:
  • physical restriction on space for recreational craft and recreational fishing vessels;
  • displacement of recreational sailing and motor cruising, recreational fishing (boat angling) and other recreational activities (diving vessels).
  • physical restriction on space for recreational activities/recreational fishing;
  • displacement of recreational fishing (shore angling) and other recreational activities (kayaking, kite surfing, surfing and windsurfing, scuba diving and beach users); and
  • physical impact or loss of access to existing cables and pipelines.


Table 17.12:
Summary of Likely Significant Inter-Related Effects on the Environment from Individual Effects Occurring across the Construction, Operation and Maintenance and Decommissioning Phases of the Proposed Development and from Multiple Effects Interacting Across all Phases (Receptor-led Effects)

Table 17.12: Summary of Likely Significant Inter-Related Effects on the Environment from Individual Effects Occurring across the Construction, Operation and Maintenance and Decommissioning Phases of the Proposed Development and from Multiple Effects Interacting Across all Phases (Receptor-led Effects)

17.15. Summary of Impacts, Mitigation Measures, Likely Significant Effects and Monitoring

  1. Information on infrastructure and other users within the broad infrastructure and other users study area – potential increased turbidity area (yellow) was collected through desktop review.
  2. Table 17.13   Open ▸ presents a summary of the potential impacts, mitigation measures and the conclusion of likely significant effects in EIA terms in respect to infrastructure and other users. The impacts assessed include: displacement of recreational sailing and motor cruising, recreational fishing (boat angling) and other recreational activities (diving vessels), as well as due to the presence of the infrastructure safety zones and advisory safety distances, resulting in the loss of recreational resources, displacement of shore angling, kayaking, kite surfing, surfing, windsurfing and scuba diving, and temporary restricted access to the NnG, Eastern Link 1, Seagreen 1 and Cambois connection offshore export cables as a result of installation, maintenance and decommissioning activities. Overall, it is concluded that there will be minor effects arising from the Proposed Development during the construction, operation and maintenance or decommissioning phases, which are not significant in EIA terms.
  3. Table 17.14   Open ▸ presents a summary of the potential impacts, mitigation measures and the conclusion of likely significant effects on infrastructure and other users in EIA terms. The cumulative effects assessed include displacement of recreational vessels and displacement of recreational activities. Overall, it is concluded that there will be no likely significant cumulative effects from the Proposed Development alongside other projects/plans.
  4. No potential likely significant transboundary effects impacts have been identified in regard to effects of the Proposed Development.

 

Table 17.13:
Summary of Likely Significant Environmental Effects, Mitigation and Monitoring

Table 17.13: Summary of Likely Significant Environmental Effects, Mitigation and Monitoring

 

Table 17.14:
Summary of Likely Significant Cumulative Environmental Effects, Mitigation and Monitoring

Table 17.14: Summary of Likely Significant Cumulative Environmental Effects, Mitigation and Monitoring

17.16. References

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Automatic Identification System (AIS) (2021). Marine Traffic. Available at: https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/home/centerx:-2.1/centery:56.0/zoom:10. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

British Sea Fishing (2021). North East England, Berwick-upon-Tweed. Available at: https://britishseafishing.co.uk/north-east-england/. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

Byrne, Ó. and Firm, C. (2000). Assessment of Impact of Offshore Wind Energy Structures on the Marine Environment. Marine Institute.

Cove Harbour (2021). Cove Harbour. Available at: http://www.coveharbour.co.uk/access/. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

CPC (2015). ICPC Recommendation, Recommendation No. 2, Recommended Routing and Reporting Criteria for Cables in Proximity to Others, Issue 11, November 2015.

Deep Blue Scuba (DBS) (2021). Scuba Diving in Scotland. Available at: https://deepbluescuba.co.uk/2021-trips/. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) (2011). National Policy Statement for Renewable Energy Infrastructure (EN-3). The Stationery Office Limited, London, UK, p.82.

Discover Dunbar (2021). Victoria Harbour. Available at: http://www.dunbar.org.uk/dunbar-harbours. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

DPHLG (2019). National Marine Planning Framework, Consultation Draft. Available at: https://www.housing.gov.ie/planning/marine-planning/public-consultation-draft-national-marine-planning-framework. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

East Lothian Yacht Club (ELYC) (2021). Sailing. Available at: https://www.elyc.org.uk/go-racing. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

Eastern Link Project (2021). Introducing the Eastern Link Project. Available at: https://www.spenergynetworks.co.uk/userfiles/file/Eastern_Link_Project_Leaflet.pdf. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

EBA (2019). EBA Position Statement Offshore Wind Farms. 22 May 2019. European Boating Association.

European Subsea Cables UK Association (ESCA) (2016). Guideline No 6, The Proximity of Offshore Renewable Energy Installations and Submarine Cable Infrastructure in UK Waters. Available at: https://www.escaeu.org/. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

ICPC (2013). Recommendation No.13. The Proximity of Offshore Renewable Wind Energy Installations and Submarine Cable Infrastructure in National Waters. Available at: https://www.iscpc.org/publications/recommendations/. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

ICPC (2014). Recommendation No.3. Criteria to be Applied to Proposed Crossings Submarine Cables and/or Pipelines. Available at: https://www.iscpc.org/publications/recommendations/. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

Inch Cape Offshore Limited (ICOL) (2021). Inch Cape Offshore Wind Farm. Available at: https://www.inchcapewind.com/. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC) (2015). Recommendation No.2. Recommended Routing and Reporting Criteria for Cables in Proximity to Others. Available at: https://www.iscpc.org/publications/recommendations/. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

Keep Scotland Beautiful (KSB) (2021). Dunbar East. Available at: https://www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/community-and-place/scotlands-beach-awards/beach-map/dunbar-east/. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

Marine Management Organisation (2020). North East Inshore and North East Offshore Marine Plan. Available at: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/857247/DRAFT_NE_Marine_Plan.pdf. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

Marine Scotland Directorate (2020). Attitudes in Scotland on the Marine Environment and Marine Issues. Edinburgh, The Scottish Government.

Marine Scotland (2018). Neart na Gaoithe Offshore Windfarm (Revised Design) – Non-Technical Summary. Available at: https://marine.gov.scot/data/neart-na-gaoithe-offshore-windfarm-revised-design-non-technical-summary. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

Marine Scotland (2019). Inch Cape Offshore Wind Farm – Scoping Report. Available at: http://marine.gov.scot/data/inch-cape-offshore-windfarm-scoping-report. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

Marine Scotland (2021). Scotland to England Green Link (SEGL), also known as Eastern Link 2 – Marine Scheme. Available at: https://marine.gov.scot/sites/default/files/segl2_el2_marine_scheme_non-statutory_scoping_report_eastern_link_2_marine_scoping_report_v5.0_finalcombined_ifi_-_issued_for_information_01_1_redacted.pdf. Accessed on: 07 February 2022.

NatureScot (2021). Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). Available at: https://www.nature.scot/professional-advice/protected-areas-and-species/protected-areas/national-designations/sites-special-scientific-interest-sssis-20Interest-geomorphology. Accessed : 11 October 2021.

NMPi (2021). Webmap Service. National Marine Plan Interactive. Available at: Marine Scotland - National Marine Plan Interactive (atkinsgeospatial.com). Accessed on: 09 August 2021.

North Berwick Harbour Trust Association (NBHTA) (2021). Shore Based Diving. Available at: http://www.nbharbour.org.uk/using-the-harbour/facilities-and-charges/for-divers/. Accessed on: 07 October 2021.

Offshore Wind Scotland (2021). Scottish Offshore Wind Market. Available at: https://www.offshorewindscotland.org.uk/scottish-offshore-wind-market/. Accessed: 11 October 2021.

Oil and Gas Authority (OGA) (2017a). Guidance, Oil and gas: decommissioning of offshore installations and pipelines. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/oil-and-gas-decommissioning-of-offshore-installations-and-pipelines#table-of-approved-decommissioning-programmes. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

Oil and Gas UK (2015a). Pipeline Crossing Agreement and Proximity Agreement Pack October 2015 (OP115). Available at: http://oilandgasuk.co.uk/product/pipeline-crossing-agreement-proximity-agreement-pack-october-2015/. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

Reimer, M. (2018). Factors Influencing the Pricing Structure of Dark Fibers for Long Haul Communication (Master's thesis, NTNU).

Royal Yachting Association (RYA) (2005). Identifying recreational cruising routes, sailing and racing areas within the SEA 6 Area. A Report for the Department of Trade and Industry.

RYA (2015). The RYA's Position on Offshore Renewable Energy Developments: Paper 1 (of 4) – Wind Energy, September 2015. Available at: https://dns.planninginspectorate.gov.uk/wp-content/ipc/uploads/projects/DNS/3234121/DNS-3234121-001778-MMC237%20MOR-POL-DOC-040%20RYA%20Position%20OREI%20Wind%20Energy.pdf. Accessed on: 11 October 2021

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Scottish Government (2021a). Designated and former bathing waters: 2021 bathing season. The Scottish Government. Available at: Designated and former bathing waters: 2021 bathing season - gov.scot (www.gov.scot). Accessed on: 09 December 2021.

Scottish Government (2021b). Oil and Gas. Glasgow. The Scottish Government.

Seagreen Wind Energy. (2021). Offshore Construction. Available at: https://www.seagreenwindenergy.com/offshore. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

Sectoral Marine Plan (SMP) (2020). Sectoral Marine Plan (SMP) – Wind (Offshore) Plan Options (2020). Available at: Sectoral Marine Plan (SMP) - Wind (Offshore) Plan Options (2020) | Marine Scotland Information. Accessed on: 10 December 2021.

SSER (2021a). Berwick Bank Wind Farm Offshore Scoping Report

SSER (2022a). Berwick Bank Wind Farm Onshore EIA Report.

SSER (2022e). Cambois connection Scoping Report.

Surfers against Sewage (SAS) (2009). Guidance on Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Renewable Energy Development on Surfing Resources and Recreation.

The Crown Estate (TCE) (2012). Export Transmission Cables for Offshore Renewable Installations. Guideline for Leasing of Export Cable Routes/Corridors. May 2012, Available at: https://www.thecrownestate.co.uk/media/2093/guideline_for_leasing_of_export_cable_routes.pdf. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

The Crown Estate (TCE) (2022). Awards: Lead Applicants, Project Partners, Area, Capacity and Foundations. Available at: scotwind-list-of-successful-project-partners-170122 (crownestatescotland.com). Accessed on: 10 August 2022.

van der Meijden, M. (2016). Future North Sea infrastructure based on dogger bank modular island. In 15th Wind Integration Workshop (WIW), Vienna, Austria.

Visit Scotland (2021). Coldingham Bay. Available at: https://www.visitscotland.com/info/towns-villages/coldingham-bay-p315511. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

Walk Highlands. (2021). Belhaven Bay, near Dunbar. Available at: https://www.walkhighlands.co.uk/lothian/belhaven-bay.shtml. Accessed on: 11 October 2021.

 

 

[1] C = Construction, O = Operation and maintenance, D = Decommissioning

[2] C = Construction, O = Operation and maintenance, D = Decommissioning

[3] C = Construction, O = Operation and maintenance, D = Decommissioning