Significance of Effect in EIA terms

430. Based on the combination of the high sensitivity of the viewpoint and low magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate/minor), direct, long-term and reversible.
431. Excellent visibility will be required for the closest Proposed Development wind turbines to be visible at distances over 53.7 km from the viewpoint. The likelihood of the effect occurring is considered to be of low frequency. Met Office visibility data indicates only 10.7% visibility frequency of the Proposed Development at distances of 50-60 km and 0% visibility frequency at distances over 60 km (the Met Office data has no records of visibility greater than 60 km). The more distant wind turbines in the array are unlikely to be visible, ensuring that the Proposed Development has less effect overall. The closest Proposed Development wind turbines are likely to be intermittently and infrequently visible due to the prevailing weather conditions, which will often prevent visibility of such distant objects at such long-range. Even during excellent visibility periods, the wind turbines will still likely be viewed as being recessive, due to the low contrast with the sky, atmospheric conditions out to sea and the visual acuity of the eye to distinguish wind turbines at such long distances.

Viewpoint 20 Bamburgh Castle

Baseline and sensitivity

432. The location and baseline panorama from Viewpoint 20 Bamburgh Castle are shown in Figure 15.40a-c.
433. Bamburgh Castle lies on the coastline of the Farne Islands Coast (LCT 4b) and Rural Northumberland and Coastal Waters (MCA 23). The viewpoint lies on the castle battlements on the seaward side of the castle with an unimpeded view out to sea across Bamburgh Beach. While the castle itself encloses the view inland to the south-east, the view extends along the coastline and broad sandy beach stretching past Harkess Rocks north-west to Holy Island. The elevation of the viewpoint and orientation of the coastline affords a long-range view out to a wide, open seascape. Much of the landscape/seascape in view lies within the Northumberland AONB and North Northumberland Heritage Coast. There are no offshore wind farms visible in the existing view and there is a general lack of scale comparators at sea.
434. The sensitivity of the viewpoint is considered to be high, reflecting that the view has high value and the receptors experiencing the view have a high susceptibility to change, for the reasons set out below.
435. Value. The viewpoint is not an OS marked viewpoint but is located at a popular tourist destination with facilities for visitors, including public car parking. The view is not afforded protection in planning policy, but encompasses elements that are described within the special qualities of the Northumberland Coast AONB, which are afforded planning policy protection. These comprise the ‘coastal and riverside setting of iconic historic and cultural landmark features’; ‘extensive sweeping sandy beaches and dynamic sand dune systems’; and a ‘Feeling of exposure and tranquillity on the flat, low lying open coastal plain and windswept coast, with sparse tree cover, huge skies and wide seascape views’ (special qualities of the AONB). The viewpoint overlooks the North Northumberland Heritage Coast, which implies a higher value to the landscape due to high scenic qualities derived from the dramatic coastline, its relative naturalness and the historic buildings that are characteristic of this stretch of coastline. The slightly elevated view over the coastline is relatively rare in the low-lying area.
436. Susceptibility. The viewpoint is representative of visitors to the Bamburgh Castle and users of the Northumberland Coast Path, who will appreciate the coastal setting. The attention of viewers is likely to vary between Bamburgh Castle itself in the immediate context, and the wider view of the seascape and coastal setting. The viewpoint affords a direct view out to sea from the coastal edge, from an elevated position, in which viewers are more liable to be influenced by development in the sea, however the viewpoint is separated by wide, open areas of seascape. Few other built elements influence the expansive view, which is dominated by the castle itself, the sea, and the low-lying, sparsely developed and largely natural coastline.

Magnitude of change

437.  The predicted view of the Proposed Development from Viewpoint 20 Bamburgh Castle is shown in the wireline in Figure 15.40c. The magnitude of change to the view resulting from the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development is assessed as low, for the reasons set out below.
438. The Proposed Development array area will be located at very long distance, between (approximately) 60.1 km and 99.2 km offshore from the viewpoint to its closest and most distant points. At such long distance, the Proposed Development wind turbines will be in the far distance on the distant seascape skyline, beyond the immediate seascape context.
439. The upper towers and rotors of 177 wind turbines may be visible above the skyline, with the lower parts of the towers and semi-submersible platforms hidden by the intervening horizon. The rotor blades are likely to be slightly oblique and not fully facing the viewer when operating during the prevailing south-westerly wind direction. The more distant wind turbines in the array will be substantially less visible, ensuring that the Proposed Development appears less dense overall.
440. The vertical height/apparent scale of the Proposed Development wind turbines will be relatively small, due to their long distance offshore and the large scale of the seascape in the view, however the lack of scale comparators at sea is likely to make the scale of the wind turbines difficult to determine. The vertical appearance of the wind turbines may contrast with the horizontal emphasis of the sea skyline, but the wind turbines will be smaller in vertical scale than the coastal landforms in the view. The Proposed Development wind turbines will introduce offshore windfarm development to the view.
441. The lateral spread of the Proposed Development wind turbines may occupy up to 29° of the HFoV, which is a relatively narrow portion of the wider 180° sea view panorama, in which a large proportion of the open sea skyline will be retained and the coastline remain unaffected.
442. The Proposed Development wind turbines will be seen on and beyond the horizon, viewed as a ‘horizon development’ to a large open seascape, rather than being viewed ‘within’ its seascape, clearly separated from the mainland coast, headlands and islands by areas of intervening seascape. The Proposed Development wind turbines are sufficiently distant, small scale and low on the horizon, that the special qualities of the Northumberland Coast AONB and the North Northumberland Heritage Coast will remain largely unchanged and will continue to be definitive in the visual amenity experienced.

Significance of Effect in EIA terms

443. Based on the combination of the high sensitivity of the viewpoint and low magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate/minor), direct, long-term and reversible.
444. Excellent visibility will be required for the closest Proposed Development wind turbines to be visible at distances over 60.1 km from the viewpoint. The likelihood of the effect occurring is considered to be of negligible frequency. Met Office visibility data indicates 0% visibility frequency of the Proposed Development at distances of over 60 km (the Met Office data has no records of visibility greater than 60 km). The more distant wind turbines in the array in particular are unlikely to be visible, ensuring that the Proposed Development has less effect overall. The closest Proposed Development wind turbines may be intermittently and infrequently visible due to the prevailing weather conditions, which will often prevent visibility of such distant objects at such long-range. Even during excellent visibility periods, the wind turbines will still likely be viewed as being recessive, due to the low contrast with the sky, atmospheric conditions out to sea and the visual acuity of the eye to distinguish wind turbines at such long distances.

Viewpoint 21 Pencraig Brae

Baseline and sensitivity

445. The location and baseline panorama from Viewpoint 21 Pencraig Brae are shown in Figure 15.41a-c.
446. The viewpoint lies within Coastal Terrace (LCT 278) in East Lothian, inland of the Eyebroughy to Torness Point (SA 17) coastline. The viewpoint lies just off the A199, on a rise west of the town of East Linton. Due to the inland location, view is primarily one of the landscapes of the East Lothian coastal plain, rather than the seascape, however the sea does form the backdrop and is representative of the ‘arrival’ view heading east on the A199 affording some of the first views of the sea over Belhaven Bay. The elevation of the viewpoint affords distant views of the sea, framed between foreground trees, beyond the typically flat farmland behind the coastal areas around Belhaven Bay. Bass Rock and North Berwick Law form distinctive landscape elements and focal points in the view due their elevation and form. Neart na Gaoithe offshore wind farm is visible in the view out to sea approximately 36.5 km to the north-east, occupying 20° of the horizontal field of view and forming the main scale comparators at sea, however Seagreen 1 offshore wind farm is unlikely to be visible at 76.2 km.
447. The sensitivity of the viewpoint is considered to be medium, reflecting that the view has medium-high value and the receptors experiencing the view have a medium-low susceptibility to change, for the reasons set out below.
448. Value. The viewpoint is an OS marked viewpoint, reflecting its location as a specific destination viewpoint that people visit to experience the view. The viewpoint has a raised viewing platform built of stone, served by a layby with parking, picnic area and toilets. The view is not afforded protection in planning policy, however it is situated on the northern boundary of the locally designated Traprain SLA, with inland views taking in this SLA. Seaward views look across the characteristic, virtually flat farmland of East Lothian’s coastal terraces towards the coastal Balgone & Whitekirk Outcrops, Belhaven Bay, and Tantallon Coast SLAs, alongside Tyninghame GDL. The viewpoint is relatively unusual due to its elevation above the surrounding landscape and the visibility of the sea alongside the ubiquitous North Berwick Law. Despite the viewpoint location, the A1 has little influence on the view and there is little to detract from the rural quality of the landscape.
449. Susceptibility. The viewpoint is representative of the view experienced by visitors to this OS marked viewpoint and people stopping at the picnic area/layby off the A199. The attention and interest of people at this location may only be partially towards the distant sea views to the north, with the locally designated landscape of the Traprain SLA and Traprain Law forming a focus inland to the north. The viewpoint looks overs the coastal plain and landscape of East Lothian from an inland location, with the views out to sea forming the backdrop this landscape, such that viewers are less liable to be influenced by development in the sea as the view encompasses surrounding farmland and development along the coast. The view which is representative of the ‘arrival’ view heading east on the A199, affording some of the first views of the sea over Belhaven Bay which are locally valued by people visiting this coast. The visual amenity experienced by the viewers is also already influenced by the presence of the other development in the landscape and distant views of the Neart na Gaoithe wind turbines in the view of the sea, which moderates the viewers susceptibility to change.

Magnitude of change

450. The predicted view of the Proposed Development from Viewpoint 21 Pencraig Brae is shown in the wireline in Figure 15.41c. The magnitude of change to the view resulting from the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development is assessed as low, for the reasons set out below.
451. The Proposed Development array area will be located at very long distance, between (approximately) 58.2 km and 94.6 km offshore from the viewpoint to its closest and most distant points. At such long distance, the Proposed Development wind turbines will be in the far distance on the distant seascape skyline, beyond the immediate seascape context.
452. The upper towers and rotors of 179 wind turbines may be visible above the skyline, with the lower parts of the towers and semi-submersible platforms hidden by the intervening horizon. The sweep of the rotor blades are likely to be oriented to face the viewer when operating during the prevailing south-westerly wind direction. The more distant wind turbines in the array will be substantially less visible, ensuring that the Proposed Development appears less dense overall.
453. The vertical height/apparent scale of the Proposed Development wind turbines will be relatively small, due to their long distance offshore and the large scale of the seascape in the view. The vertical appearance of the wind turbines may contrast with the horizontal emphasis of the East Lothian coast, but the wind turbines will be smaller in vertical scale than other features in the view, notably North Berwick Law. The Proposed Development will increase the number of offshore wind turbine elements in view, alongside those of Neart na Gaoithe and Seagreen 1.
454. The lateral spread of the Proposed Development wind turbines may occupy up to 30° of the HFoV but will appear partially subsumed behind and overlapping part of Neart na Gaoithe to the north, therefore only adding a further 25° to the HFoV, a relatively moderate portion of the view, in which much of the view will be unaffected.
455. The Proposed Development wind turbines will generally be seen beyond the horizon, viewed as a ‘horizon development’ beyond the intervening landscape and seascape, as distant as a ‘horizon development’ to the large open landscape of East Lothian. The Proposed Development wind turbines are sufficiently distant, small scale and contained in lateral extent, that the panoramic views will be retained. When visible, the Proposed Development may contribute to an increase in the distant offshore wind turbine backdrop, that has been established by Neart na Gaoithe, however the Proposed Development wind turbines are sufficiently distant and low on the horizon, that the open views will be retained and will continue to be definitive in the visual amenity experienced.

Significance of Effect in EIA terms

456. Based on the combination of the medium sensitivity of the viewpoint and low magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (minor), direct, long-term and reversible.
457. Excellent visibility will be required for the closest Proposed Development wind turbines to be visible at distances over 58.2 km from the viewpoint. The likelihood of the effect occurring is considered to be of low frequency. Met Office visibility data indicates only 10.7% visibility frequency of the Proposed Development at distances of 50-60 km and 0% visibility frequency at distances over 60 km (the Met Office data has no records of visibility greater than 60 km). The more distant wind turbines in the array are unlikely to be visible, ensuring that the Proposed Development has less effect overall. The closest Proposed Development wind turbines are likely to be intermittently and infrequently visible due to the prevailing weather conditions, which will often prevent visibility of such distant objects at such long-range. Even during excellent visibility periods, the wind turbines will still likely be viewed as being recessive, due to the low contrast with the sky, atmospheric conditions out to sea and the visual acuity of the eye to distinguish wind turbines at such long distances.

Viewpoint 22 Ewelair Hill

Baseline and sensitivity

458. The location and baseline panorama from Viewpoint 22 Ewelair Hill are shown in Figure 15.42a-c.
459. The viewpoint lies towards the north facing slope of the hill summit, within the Dissected Plateau Moorland (LCT 90) of the Scottish Borders, inland of the Eyebroughy to Torness Point (SA 17) coastline. Due to the inland location, view is primarily of the wind farm influenced, upland moorland landscape of the Lammermuir Hills, rather than the seascape, however the sea is partially visible in the view between the hills forming a relatively contained and distant seascape backdrop in this direction. There are no offshore wind farms visible in the existing view with a general lack of scale comparators at sea, however large scale onshore wind turbines within Aikengall and Cyrstal Rig windfarms surround the viewpoint at close range, with further onshore wind turbines visible to the east towards the coast at Penmanshiel and Drone Hill.
460. The sensitivity of the viewpoint is considered to be medium, reflecting that the view has medium value and the receptors experiencing the view have a medium-low susceptibility to change, for the reasons set out below.
461. Value. The view is not afforded protection in planning policy but is partially representative of the special qualities of the locally designated Lammermuir Hills SLA, within which it is located. The landscape of this LLA that is visible in the view has been extensively modified by onshore wind energy development at close range. The view is not particularly well known or valued at a local level, with limited access and no facilities for the enjoyment of the view are provided at the viewpoint. The view is relatively typical of views from this part of the Lammermuir Hills SLA due to its elevation above the surrounding landscape and the distant visibility of the East Lothian/Scottish Borders coastline.
462. Susceptibility. The view is representative of the view experienced by walkers on the hill, who may access via an informal track and looks over Plateau Farmland – Borders (LCT 100) and Upland Fringes - Lothians (LCT 269), to the Coastal Margins - Lothians (LCT 277) and Coastal Farmland – Borders (LCT 110) along the coast. The attention of people walking at the viewpoint is likely to be on the surrounding landscape, and partially on the distant views east to the sea. Onshore wind turbines within Aikengall windfarm surround the viewpoint, with further onshore wind turbines visible relatively nearby, such that viewers are less liable to be influenced by distant offshore windfarm development in the sea as the visual amenity is strongly influenced by the operational onshore wind turbines at close range in the baseline view.

Magnitude of change

463.  The predicted view of the Proposed Development from Viewpoint 22 Ewelair Hill is shown in the wireline in Figure 15.42c. The magnitude of change to the view resulting from the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development is assessed as low, for the reasons set out below.
464. The Proposed Development array area will be located at very long distance, between (approximately) 54.2 km and 91.2 km offshore from the viewpoint to its closest and most distant points. At such long distance, the Proposed Development wind turbines will be in the far distance on the distant seascape skyline, beyond the immediate seascape context.
465. The upper towers and rotors of 171 wind turbines may be visible above the skyline, with the lower parts of the towers and semi-submersible platforms hidden by the intervening horizon. The sweep of the rotor blades are likely to be oriented to face the viewer when operating during the prevailing south-westerly wind direction. The more distant wind turbines in the array will be substantially less visible, ensuring that the Proposed Development appears less dense overall.
466. The vertical height/apparent scale of the Proposed Development wind turbines will be small, due to their long distance offshore, the large scale of the seascape in the view, and the much larger vertical scale of nearby wind turbines. While the vertical appearance of the Proposed Development wind turbines may contrast with the horizontal emphasis of the sea skyline, this will appear negligible in comparison to the vertical emphasis of nearby onshore wind turbines. The Proposed Development will introduce offshore wind turbine elements to the view, which includes onshore wind turbines nearby at Aikengall IIa; Hoprigshiels and Neuk Farm, directly beyond; and further away at Moorhouse, Drone Hill, Penmanshiel and Blackburn Rig Farm.
467. The lateral spread of the Proposed Development wind turbines may occupy up to 34° of the HFoV, a relatively moderate portion of the wider 360° panorama, distantly enclosing part of the open sea skyline that is visible to the east between the hills of the upland foreground.
468. The Proposed Development wind turbines will be seen on and beyond the horizon, viewed as a ‘horizon development’ to the landscape and open seascape beyond. The Proposed Development will appear on the periphery of the seascape, rather than ‘within’ it, and will be isolated from the mainland coast by open sea. The Proposed Development wind turbines are sufficiently distant, small scale and low on the horizon, that despite the extension of wind farm influence form the uplands to the seascape that is evident, the existing wind farm landscape of this upland moorland will experience low levels of change and will continue to be defined by the existing baseline elements, particularly the onshore wind turbines at close range in the foreground.

Significance of Effect in EIA terms

469. Based on the combination of the medium sensitivity of the viewpoint and low magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (minor), direct, long-term and reversible.
470. Excellent visibility will be required for the closest Proposed Development wind turbines to be visible at distances over 54.2 km from the viewpoint. The likelihood of the effect occurring is considered to be of low frequency. Met Office visibility data indicates only 10.7% visibility frequency of the Proposed Development at distances of 50-60 km and 0% visibility frequency at distances over 60 km (the Met Office data has no records of visibility greater than 60 km). The more distant wind turbines in the array are unlikely to be visible, ensuring that the Proposed Development has less effect overall. The closest Proposed Development wind turbines are likely to be intermittently and infrequently visible due to the prevailing weather conditions, which will often prevent visibility of such distant objects at such long-range. Even during excellent visibility periods, the wind turbines will still likely be viewed as being recessive, due to the low contrast with the sky, atmospheric conditions out to sea and the visual acuity of the eye to distinguish wind turbines at such long distances.

Viewpoint 23 Isle of May

Baseline and sensitivity

471. The location of Viewpoint 23 Isle of May is shown in Figure 15.43a. The selected viewpoint lies on the path following the island’s spine, above the slope down to the eastern shore. The island has a rugged, rocky perimeter and dramatic cliffs, giving it a strong sense of naturalness. Lighthouse buildings contribute to the diverse landscape and its high scenic value. Views from the island are extensive. The coastline of the Scottish mainland frames the panoramic view: to the south, along East Lothian and the Scottish Borders; and to the north, along Fife, Angus and Aberdeenshire. Within the open sea to the east, are Neart na Gaoithe offshore windfarm, 16.2 km away at its nearest point; and further north, Seagreen 1 offshore windfarm, approximately 53.8 km away at its nearest point. The rotors of nearer wind turbines within Neart na Gaoithe are visible above the horizon while, generally, only the blade tips of the more distant Seagreen 1 wind turbines are visible. Neart na Gaoithe and Seagreen 1 offshore wind farm occupy a total of 70° of the HFoV and forming the main scale comparators at sea.
472. The designation statement for the Forth Islands SLA describes its qualities as follows: ‘The Isle of May is the most remote and largest of the three (Forth) islands and has a distinctive long, low profile with steep cliffs on the eastern shore and a central lighthouse. The island is located close to the mouth of the Forth and is more exposed and isolated than the inner islands, but less strongly influenced by former military activity. The combination of the rugged natural island with the cultural heritage features of the lighthouse buildings creates a diversity of landscape with high scenic value. The rugged rocky perimeter of the island and dramatic cliffs, alongside the clamour and constant motion of seabirds convey the strong sense of naturalness of the island. Views from the island are extensive, however views to the island from the shore are strongly influenced by the prevailing weather conditions, which sometimes limit visibility’.
473. The sensitivity of the viewpoint and the Isle of May area of the Forth Islands SLA is considered to be medium-high, reflecting the high value of the views from the island and the high value of its landscape character and qualities reflected by the designation of the Isle of May SLA, combined with its medium-high susceptibility to change, for the reasons set out below.
474. Value. The Isle of May is part of the Forth Islands SLA and is afforded protection in local planning policy. Its designation as an SLA is reflective of the value afforded by society to the landscape character and qualities of the island, which is recognised as a ‘rugged natural island’ with a ‘diversity of landscape with high scenic value’ given its ‘distinctive long, low profile’, and ‘rugged rocky perimeter’ with ‘dramatic cliffs, alongside the clamour and constant motion of seabirds’ which convey a strong sense of naturalness and exposure. Views from the island are valued as being extensive and there is a visitor centre on the island to aid access and experience of the sea views.
475. Susceptibility. The view is located in an elevated position that is representative of the views experienced by visitors to the Isle of May. Visitors are typically day trips from boat tour operators in Anstruther or North Berwick, only during the period from April to September. The attention and interest of visitors to the island is likely to be on both the immediate features and wildlife of the island itself as we all the wider seascape context and extensive views over the Firth of Forth. Views are strongly influenced by the prevailing weather conditions, which sometimes limit visibility and may reduce susceptibility to change. Neart na Gaoithe offshore wind farm is a prevailing feature in the seascape context to the east, located approximately 16.4km from the Isle of May, while Seagreen 1 has limited influence in the distance over 53 km from the islands. The visual amenity experienced by the viewers will therefore already influenced by the presence of the Neart na Gaoithe wind turbines as visible elements at relatively closer range, experienced in the view of the sea, which moderates the viewers susceptibility to further changes associated with offshore wind farm development in the outer Firth of Forth beyond Neart na Gaoithe.

Magnitude of change

476.  The predicted view of the Proposed Development from Viewpoint 23 Isle of May is shown in the wireline in Figure 15.43b. The magnitude of change to the view resulting from the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development is assessed as medium-low, for the reasons set out below.
477. The Proposed Development array area will be located at very long distance, between (approximately) 41.5 km and 69.9 km, offshore from the viewpoint to its closest and most distant points. At such long distance, the Proposed Development wind turbines will be in the far distance on the distant seascape skyline, beyond the immediate seascape context.
478. The upper towers and rotors of 179 wind turbines may be visible above the skyline, with the lower parts of the towers and semi-submersible platforms hidden by the intervening horizon.
479. The vertical height/apparent scale of the Proposed Development wind turbines will be small, due to their long distance offshore, the large scale of the seascape in the view, and the larger vertical scale of nearer offshore wind turbines within Neart na Gaoithe. The vertical appearance of the Proposed Development wind turbines in combination with those of Neart na Gaoithe, may contrast with the horizontal emphasis of the sea skyline.
480. The lateral spread of the Proposed Development wind turbines may occupy up to 33° of the HFoV, however will appear to be mainly subsumed behind and overlapping Neart na Gaoithe to the north, therefore only adding a further 10° to the HFoV, which is considered to be a narrow additional portion of the view, in which much of the wider view of the seascape will remain unaffected. The Proposed Development will appear to overlap with approximately half of Neart na Gaoithe offshore wind farm and the lateral extent of offshore windfarm development will increase only slightly to the south of Neart na Gaoithe. The number of wind turbines and their layout behind Neart na Gaoithe will make the wind turbine array of Neart na Gaoithe appear denser and extend over greater depth into the distance. This may continuing to increase the enclosure of the seascape by offshore wind farm development as there is a greater density of wind turbines and fewer lines of sight to the skyline between wind turbines, however on balance, the position of the Proposed Development behind Neart na Gaoithe contributes to limiting the additional lateral spread of offshore wind farm development and ensure that the open sea will remain to the north and south of the two offshore wind farms. The coastlines of the Scottish mainland and the Isle of May will remain unaffected.
481. The proposed wind turbines will be seen on and beyond the horizon, viewed as a ‘horizon development’ to the island and the open seascape beyond. The Proposed Development will appear on the periphery of the seascape, rather than ‘within’ it, and will be isolated from the Isle of May by open sea. The Proposed Development wind turbines are sufficiently distant, small scale and low on the horizon, that the existing character of the view will barely change and will continue to be definitive.
482. The physical qualities of the island including its ‘distinctive long, low profile with steep cliffs’ and ‘rugged rocky perimeter of the island and dramatic cliffs’, will remain unaffected, with changes only resulting on its perceptual qualities, including its perceived remoteness and sense of naturalness. The magnitude of change to these perceived qualities of the Isle of May area of the Forth Islands SLA arising in the extensive views from the island is assessed as medium-low. In terms of the quality of remoteness and naturalness, there is potential for the Proposed Development to influence the perceived remoteness of the Isle of May, through the addition of man-made structures in the wider seascape setting reducing the sense of having a relative lack of human influence, however the magnitude of change is moderated by the very distant location of the Proposed Development well outside the immediate seascape context, and by the presence of a number of other man-made elements that are visible and already influence perceived remoteness, including Neart na Gaoithe offshore wind farm located at closer range, commercial shipping, ferries, and development on the mainland coastline including settlement and onshore wind turbines. The sense of naturalness conveyed by the clamour and constant motion of seabirds will continue to prevail on the island in the presence of the distant additional offshore wind farm influence beyond Neart na Gaoithe.

Significance of Effect in EIA terms

483. Based on the combination of the medium-high sensitivity of the viewpoint and the Isle of May area of the Forth Islands SLA and the medium-low magnitude of change to the view and perceived qualities of the SLA, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate), direct, long-term and reversible on the views from the Isle of May SLA and its perceived qualities. The diversity of the landscape, sense of naturalness and perceived remoteness will continue to prevail and views from the island will remain extensive. Moderate effects are assessed as not significant on receptors experiencing this view as they fall within the ‘lower’ grey area of the matrix (indicated in mid-grey in Table 15.17   Open ▸ ) and are considered not significant primarily due to the magnitude of change factors evaluated, which is assessed as medium-low at worst, given the distance of the Proposed Development over 41.5 km from the viewpoint, the apparent scale of the Proposed Development wind turbines at this distance, their position beyond the sea skyline mainly subsumed behind Neart na Gaoithe and their introduction as further elements that are already characteristic in the baseline.
484. Excellent visibility will also be required for the closest Proposed Development wind turbines to be visible at distances over 41.5 km from the viewpoint. The likelihood of the effect occurring is considered to be of relatively low frequency. Met Office visibility data indicates only 28.6% visibility frequency of the Proposed Development at distances of 40-60 km and 0% visibility frequency at distances over 60 km (the Met Office data has no records of visibility greater than 60 km). The more distant wind turbines in the array are unlikely to be visible, ensuring that the Proposed Development has less effect overall. The closest Proposed Development wind turbines are likely to be intermittently and infrequently visible due to the prevailing weather conditions, which will often prevent visibility of such distant objects at such long-range. Even during excellent visibility periods, the wind turbines will still likely be viewed as being recessive, due to the low contrast with the sky, atmospheric conditions out to sea and the visual acuity of the eye to distinguish wind turbines at such long distances.

Summary of Effects on Viewpoints

485. A summary of the effects of the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development on the representative viewpoints is presented in Table 15.21   Open ▸ .

Table 15.21: Summary of Effects of the Proposed Development during Operation and Maintenance on Representative Viewpoints

15.11.3.         Detailed Assessment of Visual Receptors

486. The principal visual receptors in the SLVIA study area are likely to be found along the closest sections of the Aberdeenshire, Angus, Fife, East Lothian, Scottish Borders and Northumberland coastlines, and are assessed as follows.

John Muir Country Park

Baseline and sensitivity

487. The John Muir Country Park lies near the village of West Barns, within Dunbar. Named after the famous naturalist and geologist born in Dunbar, it has been designated since 1976. 1,763 acres in area, it covers 13 km of coast between Pfeffer Sands and Dunbar Castle. The park forms part of the Firth of Forth Ramsar Site, Firth of Forth SSSI. and is also an SPA. The park comprises a mix of semi-natural habitats including woodland, grassland, saltmarsh, coastal dunes, and rocky and sandy shorelines.
488. The sensitivity of the John Muir Country Park is considered to be high, reflecting the high value of the park and the high susceptibility to change of receptors using the park, for the reasons below.
489. Value. The coastal country park lies within the ‘dynamic coastline’ of the Belhaven Bay SLA, and is representative of several of its special qualities that are afforded planning policy protection: 1. The ‘high scenic value’ of the area; 2. its recreational value; 4. the landscape setting of Belhaven Bay; and 13. The ‘good long distance views throughout much of the area’.  In particular, views from the Belhaven Bay area, including the much-photographed Bridge to Nowhere, are notable.
490. Susceptibility. While the park is bounded by trees to the north east and by the Hedderwick Hill plantation to the north, part of its appeal is the landscape setting of Belhaven Bay and Dunbar Beach. Seascape views are likely to be a large part of the visitor experience that is appreciated intermittently within the area bounded by trees, and for more protracted periods from the beach and dunes. The coastline has a northerly aspect that, in combination with the intervening distance, and the presence of Neart na Gaoithe on the skyline, somewhat reduces susceptibility to the Proposed Development.

Magnitude of change and significance of effect in EIA terms

491. The magnitude of change to the visual amenity at John Muir country park resulting from the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development is assessed as medium-low, for the reasons set out below.
492. The Proposed Development array area will be located at very long distance, between 48.3 km from at its closest point, and the Proposed Development wind turbines will be in the far distance on the distant seascape skyline, beyond the immediate seascape context. Their low contrast with the sky and prevailing visibility conditions means that the Proposed Development wind turbines are likely to be intermittently and infrequently visible. During these periods the upper towers and rotors of the wind turbines may be visible above the skyline, with the lower parts of the towers and semi-submersible platforms hidden by the intervening horizon.
493. The Proposed Development wind turbines will appear relatively small, due to the intervening distance and the large scale of their seascape context. While their verticality may contrast with the sea horizon skyline, the new offshore wind turbines will appear smaller than those of the overlapping Neart na Gaoithe. The lateral extent of offshore windfarm development will increase but will remain a narrower portion of the wider panorama with much of the open sea skyline and coastline remaining unaffected.
494. Based on the combination of the high sensitivity of the receptor and medium-low magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate), direct, long-term and reversible. Moderate effects are assessed as not significant on views from this receptor primarily due to the magnitude of change factors evaluated, which is assessed as medium-low at worst, given the distance of the Proposed Development over 48.3 km from the viewpoint, the apparent scale of the Proposed Development wind turbines at this distance, their position beyond the sea skyline and their introduction as further elements that are already characteristic in the baseline view, in which Neart na Gaoithe has a moderating influence.

Major Settlements - Aberdeenshire

Inverbervie

Baseline and sensitivity

495. Inverbervie lies on the south easterly facing Aberdeenshire coast, between Stonehaven and Montrose. The town lies on a slope down to the shoreline of Bervie Bay.
496. The sensitivity of Inverbervie is considered to be medium-high, reflecting the medium-high value of the town’s visual context and the medium-high susceptibility to change of receptors within the town.
497. Value. The coastal village overlooks ‘rugged and intricate scenery’ that is characteristic of the South East Aberdeenshire Coast SLA and afforded planning policy protection. Views from the town are typical of this section of coast, which has south easterly aspect and is defined by the open sea. Although there is no formal recognition of the views, the views of the sea from this settlement will be valued at the local level by residents as the backdrop that is fundamental to the seascape setting of the settlement.
498. Susceptibility. Seascape views are limited to the coastal edge of the village by the pattern and density of development within the village. Residents of properties along the shoreline, and streets leading down to it, may have static, long-term views of the seascape from their primary place of residence. The coastline has a south easterly aspect and properties along Halgreen Drive are most susceptible to changes arising from the Proposed Development. Residents of Inverbervie experience varying levels of visual amenity, with views influenced by built development in the settlement and offshore views influenced by Seagreen 1 offshore wind farm, moderating susceptibility, but there is a general of lack visual detractors and a distinctive seascape setting that contributes to the visual amenity experienced.

Magnitude of change and significance of effect in EIA terms

499. At Inverbervie operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development will result in a low magnitude of change for residents and users of the seafront, with remaining areas observing a negligible magnitude of change.
500. The Blade Tip ZTV (Figure 15.6) indicates potential visibility of higher numbers of the Proposed Development wind turbines from the entire town. However, the combination of local topography and the density and pattern of built development will limit views to those from the seafront, along roads leading to the seafront and partial views from higher up the landform. Seafront views will be defined by open, direct views of the offshore elements of the Proposed Development, at a range of approximately 51.8 km. While there will be an observable increase in the number and lateral extent of offshore wind turbines, these will occupy a relatively small proportion of the open sea horizon and will represent a smaller element of the view in good visibility.
501. Based on the combination of the medium-high sensitivity of the receptor and low magnitude of change for residents and users of the seafront, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate/minor), direct, long-term and reversible. For remaining areas observing a negligible magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (minor), direct, long-term and reversible.

Minor Settlements – Aberdeenshire

Gourdon

Baseline and sensitivity

502. The village lies on the Aberdeenshire coast between Inverbervie and Johnshaven. The picturesque coastal village is based on a natural harbour, with views to Inverbervie. The coastal village adjoins the harbour and extends along a minor road along the coast. This part of the village lies on the steep slope down to the shore. Behind this sleep, the village extends over more gently sloping land to the A92, along Brae Road. Buildings within the lower part of the village tend to look south east, while those in the upper part tend to face east.
503. The sensitivity of Gourdon is considered to be medium-high, reflecting the medium-high value of its visual context and the medium-high susceptibility to change of receptors within the village.
504. Value. The coastal village lies within the South East Aberdeenshire Coast SLA which is afforded planning policy protection. Either side of the harbour, the coastline is characteristically rugged and intricate. Views from the village are typical of this section of coast, which has a south easterly aspect and is dominated by the open sea. Although there is no formal recognition of the views, the views of the sea from this settlement will be valued at the local level by residents as the backdrop that is fundamental to the seascape setting of the settlement.
505. Susceptibility. Seascape views are generally limited to properties along the seafront, which generally align with and back onto the coast; and the more inland part of the town at Brae Road, which face the sea. The density and pattern of urban form limits views of the sea from remaining parts of the town. Residents on the settlement edge may have ccc. Residents of Gourdon experience varying levels of visual amenity, with views influenced by built development in the settlement, around the harbour and offshore views influenced by Seagreen 1 offshore wind farm, moderating susceptibility, but a general of lack visual detractors and a distinctive seascape setting that contributes to the visual amenity and scenic quality experienced

Magnitude of change and significance of effect in EIA terms

506. Lying 50.3 km from the Proposed Development array, the coastal part of the village lies on the short, slope to the coast, while the inland part lies on more gently sloping ground. While the entire village lies within the ZTV (Figure 15.6), high to medium numbers of the proposed wind turbines are potentially visible from it.
507. For Gourdon the magnitude of change resulting from the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development is assessed as low. The Proposed Development will increase the lateral extent of offshore wind farms seen from Gourdon but its location beyond Seagreen 1; the considerable remaining open sea horizon; and the clear separation between the offshore wind farms and the coast will limit its effect.
508. Based on the combination of the medium-high sensitivity of the receptor and low magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate/minor), direct, long-term and reversible.

Johnshaven

Baseline and sensitivity

509. The village lies on the Aberdeenshire coast between Inverbervie and Montrose. The village’s economy is historically based on the flax industry, sail making and fishing. The coastal village occupies the lower slopes below the A92 and stretches along the coast with its roads and some of its building being orientated towards the coastline.
510. The sensitivity of Johnshaven is considered to be medium-high, reflecting the medium value of its visual context and the medium-high susceptibility to change of receptors within the village.
511. Value. The coastal village lies within the South East Aberdeenshire Coast SLA which is afforded planning policy protection. The village aligns with a characteristically ‘rugged and intricate’ section of coast. Views from the low-level village are typical of this section of coast, being panoramic and having a south easterly aspect dominated by the open sea. Although there is no formal recognition of the views, the views of the sea from this settlement will be valued at the local level by residents as the backdrop that is fundamental to the seascape setting of the settlement.
512. Susceptibility. Seascape views are generally limited to the settlement edges: properties along the seafront, and properties on the upper slopes, which generally align with and face the coast. The density and pattern of urban form limits views of the sea from remaining parts of the town. Residents on the settlement edge may have static, long-term views of the seascape from their primary place of residence. Residents of Johnshaven experience varying levels of visual amenity, with views influenced by built development in the settlement and offshore views influenced by Seagreen 1 offshore wind farm, moderating susceptibility, but a general of lack visual detractors and a distinctive seascape setting that contributes to the visual amenity and scenic quality experienced.

Magnitude of change and significance of effect in EIA terms

513. The village lies 48.5 km from the Proposed Development array, at the foot of a steep seaward slope on such that the entire village lies within the ZTV (Figure 15.6), with visibility of high to medium numbers of the proposed wind turbines.
514. For Johnshaven the magnitude of change resulting from the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development is assessed as low. The Proposed Development will increase the lateral extent of offshore wind farms seen from Johnshaven, but its location beyond Seagreen 1; the considerable remaining open sea horizon; and the clear separation between the offshore wind farms and the coast will limit its effect.
515. Based on the combination of the medium-high sensitivity of the receptor and low magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate/minor), direct, long-term and reversible.

Major Settlements - Angus

Arbroath

Baseline and sensitivity

516. Arbroath (Viewpoint C: Figure 15.45) is the largest town in Angus and dates to the founding of Arbroath Abbey in 1178, growing to become one of Scotland's larger fishing ports.
517. The Arbroath coastline has a south easterly aspect and relatively flat local topography. The seafront comprises open recreational space south of the harbour with residential properties around and to the north of the harbour. These are generally aligned with the coast. Expansive, open sea views are typical of much of the seafront area, becoming intermittent and partial along roads leading to the coast. Views of the coastline and sea are restricted for the much of the town by the density and pattern of built development.
518. The sensitivity of Arbroath is considered to be medium-high, reflecting the medium value of the town’s visual context and the medium-high susceptibility to change of receptors within the town.
519. Value. The coastal village overlooks the Angus coast, which is not afforded planning policy protection but locally valued. Views from the town are typical of this section of coast, which has a south easterly aspect and is dominated by the open sea. Although there is no formal recognition of the views, the views of the sea from the coastal edges of the town will be valued at the local level by residents as the backdrop that is fundamental to the seascape setting of the settlement.
520. Susceptibility. Seascape views are limited to the coastal edge of the town by the pattern and density of development within it. Users of open space along the seafront, residents of properties along the shoreline, and streets leading down to it, may have static, long-term views of the seascape from their primary place of residence, however properties in areas set back from the coastal edge have a reduced susceptibility to changes in the seascape. The coastline has a south easterly aspect and properties along the seaward edge are most susceptible to changes arising from the Proposed Development. Residents of Arbroath experience a moderate level of visual amenity at this location, due to the urban nature of the area and the influence of the Edinburgh to Aberdeen rail line, and industrial and commercial activity with the town’s seafront and harbour. Residents of Arbroath experience varying levels of visual amenity, with views influenced by built development in the settlement, industrial and commercial activity at the town’s seafront and offshore views influenced by Seagreen 1 offshore wind farm, moderating susceptibility, but with a distinct seascape setting that contributes to the visual amenity experienced.

Magnitude of change and significance of effect in EIA terms

521. At Arbroath operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development will result in a low magnitude of change for residents of the seaward edge and users of the seafront, with remaining areas observing a negligible magnitude of change.
522. The Blade Tip ZTV (Figure 15.6) indicates potential visibility of higher numbers of the Proposed Development wind turbines from much of the town, while no visibility is indicated from lower areas including: the college grounds; the much larger area of open green space and woodland north of Cairnie Road and the A92; and east of Burnside Drive as far as Hayshead Primary School. However, the combination of local topography and the density and pattern of built development will limit views to those from the seaward edge of the town, the seafront, and along roads leading to the coast. Seafront views will be defined by open, direct views of the offshore elements of the Proposed Development, at a range of approximately 43.1 km. While there will be an observable increase in the number and lateral extent of offshore wind turbines, these will occupy a relatively small proportion of the open sea horizon and will represent a smaller element of the view in good visibility.
523. Based on the combination of the medium-high sensitivity of the receptor and low magnitude of change for residents of the seaward edge and users of the seafront, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate/minor), direct, long-term and reversible. For remaining areas observing a negligible magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (minor), direct, long-term and reversible.

Carnoustie

Baseline and sensitivity

524. Founded in the late 18th century, the town grew with the local textile industry throughout the 19th century, becoming a tourist resort from the early Victorian era. Now considered a dormitory town for Dundee, it is best known for the Carnoustie Golf Links course that has hosted the Open Championship.
525. At Carnoustie, much of the town is separated from the south easterly facing coastline by Carnoustie Golf Links, and a relatively small proportion of the town lies on the shoreline. The Edinburgh to Aberdeen rail line runs along the coastline, intervening between much of the town and the sea. Behind Carnoustie Beach, much of the seafront area comprises recreational open space. Expansive, open sea views are typical of much of the seafront area, and the seaward edge of the town beyond the intervening golf course, becoming intermittent and partial along roads leading east, to the coast. Views of the coastline and sea are restricted for the much of the town by the density and pattern of built development.
526. The sensitivity of Carnoustie is considered to be medium-high, reflecting the medium value of its visual context and the medium-high susceptibility to change of receptors within the town.

Magnitude of change and significance of effect in EIA terms

527. At Carnoustie, operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development will result in a low magnitude of change for residents of the Westhaven area, the seaward edge and users of the seafront and golf course, with remaining areas observing a negligible magnitude of change.
528. The Blade Tip ZTV (Figure 15.6) indicates potential visibility of higher numbers of the Proposed Development wind turbines from much of the town west of Barry Road, with visibility of lower numbers west of the Edinburgh to Aberdeen rail line. However, the combination of local topography and the density and pattern of built development limits sea views to those from the Westhaven Area, the seaward edge of the town, the seafront, and along roads leading east to the coast. Views from these areas will be defined by open, direct views of the offshore elements of the Proposed Development, at a range of approximately 48.7 km. While there will be an observable increase in the number and lateral extent of offshore wind turbines, these will occupy a relatively small proportion of the open sea horizon and will represent a smaller element of the view in good visibility.
529. Based on the combination of the medium-high sensitivity of the receptor and low magnitude of change for residents of West Haven, the seaward edge and users of the seafront and golf course, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate/minor), direct, long-term and reversible. For remaining areas observing a negligible magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (minor), direct, long-term and reversible.

Montrose

Baseline and sensitivity

530. Situated north of Dundee and south of Aberdeen, Montrose (Viewpoint 2 Montrose: Figure 15.22) is the northernmost coastal town in Angus. It lies between the mouths of the North and South Esk rivers and developed around a natural harbour. To its western boundary, the tidal lagoon of Montrose Basin is the largest inland salt water basin in the UK, and an LNR. Montrose is known for its wide thoroughfare and high street leading to picturesque closes containing secluded gardens. The 67 m high steeple of Old and St Andrew's Church, designed by James Gillespie Graham, dominates the Montrose skyline. Just outside Montrose is the 18th century House of Dun, designed by the Scottish architect William Adam.
531. The sensitivity of Montrose is considered to be medium-high, reflecting the medium value of its visual context and the medium-high susceptibility to change of receptors within the town.
532. Value. The Montrose coastline is not covered by a designation that recognises its scenic value, or that affords it protection in planning policy. While Scurdie Ness and its Lighthouse make the coastline distinctive, the expansive views to the sea horizon from the area are typical of this coastline. Although there is no formal recognition of the views, the views of the sea from this settlement will be valued at the local level by residents as the backdrop that is fundamental to the seascape setting of the settlement
533. Susceptibility. Residents of the town may have static, long-term views of the seascape from their primary place of residence from properties that address the coast or may view the sea at an angle as they look along roads leading to the coast. The settled landscape surrounding the town, the pattern and density of its urban form and industrial development contrast with the adjoining sections of coast. Seascape views are likely to be a large part of their experience and the north easterly aspect of the coast makes them particularly liable to development at sea. The presence of Seagreen 1 on the skyline in offshore views, somewhat moderates susceptibility to the Proposed Development.

Magnitude of change and significance of effect in EIA terms

534. At Montrose, the magnitude of change resulting from the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development is assessed as medium-low for properties located on Whinfield Road and Faulds Road; and low for remaining parts of the town.
535. The south and east of the town has potential visibility of high numbers of Proposed Development wind turbines, with moderate to lower numbers from other areas. The western edge overlooking Montrose Basin and the southern extent including Ferryden have no potential visibility, as indicated by the ZTV. Properties along the towns seaward edge may have unobstructed views of the Proposed Development but the pattern of development largely ignores the coast and in combination with its density, receptors within much of the town are unlikely to have more than glimpsed views of it and the surrounding seascape. 
536. Based on the combination of the medium-high sensitivity of the receptor and medium-low magnitude of change to the limited area of the town along the eastern coastal edge, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate), direct, long-term and reversible. Moderate effects are assessed as not significant on receptors experiencing this view as they fall within the ‘lower’ grey area of the matrix (indicated in mid-grey in Table 15.17   Open ▸ ) and are considered not significant primarily due to the magnitude of change factors evaluated, which is assessed as medium-low at worst, given the distance of the Proposed Development over 45.3 km from the viewpoint, the apparent scale of the Proposed Development wind turbines at this distance, their position beyond the sea skyline and their introduction as further elements that are already characteristic in the baseline view, in which Seagreen 1 has a moderating influence. For remaining areas set further back from the coast, experiencing a low magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (minor), direct, long-term and reversible.

Minor Settlements – Angus

Auchmithie

Baseline and sensitivity

537. The small, clifftop village lies on the Aberdeenshire coast, 4.8 km north east of Arbroath. Unusually, the small village stretches along a central road running at an angle to the coast, due to the topography and elevation of the area. Houses generally lie along and face the road. The dilapidated Auchmithie Harbour was designed by James Barron.
538. The sensitivity of Auchmithie is considered to be medium-high, reflecting the medium value of its visual context and the medium-high susceptibility to change of receptors within the village.
539. Value. The coastal village overlooks cliffs along this section of the Angus coast, which is not afforded planning policy protection but is locally valued. Views from the town are typical of this section of coast, which has an easterly aspect and is dominated by the open sea. Although there is no formal recognition of the views, the views of the sea from this settlement will be valued at the local level by residents as the backdrop that is fundamental to the seascape setting of the settlement.
540. Susceptibility. Seascape views are limited to the coastal edge of the town by the pattern and density of development within it. Users of open space along the seafront, residents of properties along the shoreline, and streets leading down to it, may have prolonged views of the seascape. Properties along the seaward edge are most susceptible to changes arising from the Proposed Development. Offshore views are influenced by Seagreen 1 offshore wind farm, moderating susceptibility, but a general of lack visual detractors and a distinctive seascape setting that contributes to the visual amenity and scenic quality experienced.

Magnitude of change and significance of effect in EIA terms

541. For Auchmithie the magnitude of change resulting from the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development is assessed as medium-low.
542. The village lies 41.1 km from the Proposed Development array, with high numbers of the proposed wind turbines potentially visible from it as it lies entirely within the ZTV (Figure 15.6).As the pattern of development is not closely related to the coastline, much of the town is unlikely to have more than glimpsed views of the Proposed Development and the surrounding seascape. Properties adjoining and overlooking the coast will have clear views of the Proposed Development, behind and largely encompassed by the wind turbines of Seagreen 1 and Neart na Gaoithe. Beyond these offshore wind farms, the Proposed Development will increase the presence of offshore wind farm development but not its lateral extent within views from the village.
543. Based on the combination of the medium-high sensitivity of the village and medium-low magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate), direct, long-term and reversible. Moderate effects are assessed as not significant on receptors experiencing this view as they fall within the ‘lower’ grey area of the matrix (indicated in mid-grey in Table 15.17   Open ▸ ) and are considered not significant primarily due to the magnitude of change factors evaluated, which is assessed as medium-low at worst, given the distance of the Proposed Development over 41.1 km from the receptor, the apparent scale of the Proposed Development wind turbines at this distance, their position beyond the sea skyline and their introduction as further elements that are already characteristic in the baseline view, in which Seagreen 1 has a moderating influence.

East Haven

Baseline and sensitivity

544. East Haven lies 2 km east of Carnoustie and 8 km south west of Arbroath. The coastal village lies on the shoreline of the sandy East Haven Beach and straddles the coast hugging Edinburgh-Aberdeen rail line. The village, which extends along the coast, the embanked rail line and slightly inland; and the pattern of constituent buildings, addresses the open sea.
545. The sensitivity of Montrose is considered to be medium-high, reflecting the medium value of its visual context and the medium-high susceptibility to change of receptors within the settlement.
546. Value. The coastal village overlooks a section of the Angus coast, which is not afforded planning policy protection but is locally valued. Views from the town are typical of this section of coast, which has a south easterly aspect and is dominated by the open sea. Although there is no formal recognition of the views, the views of the sea from this settlement will be valued at the local level by residents as the backdrop that is fundamental to the seascape setting of the settlement.
547. Susceptibility. The embanked rail line interrupts seascape views from properties inland, many of chich are bungalows. Users of open space along the seafront and residents of properties along the shoreline may have static, long-term views of the seascape from their primary place of residence. The coastline has a south easterly aspect and properties along the seaward edge at Craig Road are more susceptible to changes arising from the Proposed Development. Residents of East Haven experience a moderate level of visual amenity at this location, due to the influence of the Edinburgh to Aberdeen rail line, and offshore wind farms. These comprise Seagreen 1 and Neart na Gaoithe which are clearly visible and separate within the wider, open sea horizon, moderating susceptibility. The railway line also runs along the coastline, intervening between much of the town and the sea.

Magnitude of change and significance of effect in EIA terms

548. The magnitude of change to East Haven resulting from the operation and maintenance of the Proposed Development is assessed as low.
549. The coastal village lies 46.6 km from the Proposed Development array on the Angus coast between Carnoustie and Arbroath. It lies entirely within the ZTV (Figure 15.5), which indicates that moderate numbers of the Proposed Development WTGs may be visible from the settlement. The coastal part of East Haven will have clear views of the Proposed Development, beyond the wind turbines of Seagreen 1 and Neart na Gaoithe. The Proposed Development will increase the presence of offshore wind farm development and its lateral extent within views from the village.
550. Based on the combination of the medium-high sensitivity of East Haven and low magnitude of change, the significance of effect arising from the Proposed Development is assessed as not significant (moderate/minor), direct, long-term and reversible.

Major Settlements – East Lothian

Dunbar

Baseline and sensitivity

551. Approximately 50 km east of Edinburgh and north of the border with England, the town of Dunbar (Viewpoint 10 Dunbar: Figure 15.30) lies on the East Lothian coastline.  Dunbar’s civil parish includes the villages of West Barns and Belhaven. Dunbar’s harbour dates to 1574 and Dunbar Lifeboat Station is the second-oldest station in Scotland. The town’s railway station links to Edinburgh and the rest of Scotland, London and stations along the ECML. Dunbar is the birthplace of the explorer, naturalist, and influential conservationist John Muir. He is commemorated by a statue beside the town clock, and John Muir Country Park to the town’s north-west. The eastern section of the John Muir Way coastal path starts from the harbour.
552. The sensitivity of Dunbar is considered to be medium-high, reflecting the medium-high value of the town’s visual context and the medium-high susceptibility to change of receptors within the town, for the reasons below.
553. Value. The coastline of Dunbar lies within the Belhaven Bay SLA, which affords protection in planning policy to ‘good long distance views’ and in particular, the ‘view from the cliff top path at Dunbar’, in Special Quality 13. While coastal cliffs of red stone and a ruined castle lend a particular sense of place to Dunbar, the expansive views to the sea horizon from the town are typical of this coastline. Although there is no formal recognition of the views, the views of the sea from this settlement will be valued at the local level by residents as the backdrop that is fundamental to the seascape setting of the settlement. Views from the settlement itself may be less valued than those from the rural areas and nearby beaches where higher scenic value is evident in adjoining sections of coast.
554. Susceptibility. Residents of the coastal edges of the town may have static, long-term views of the seascape from their primary place of residence from properties that address the coast or may view the sea at an angle as they look along roads leading to the coast. Seascape views are likely to be a large part of their experience and the north easterly aspect of the coast makes them particularly liable to development at sea. The presence of Neart na Gaoithe on the skyline, somewhat moderates susceptibility to the Proposed Development. Residents of Dunbar experience varying levels of visual amenity, with views influenced by built development in the settlement, nearby industrial and major transport routes, and offshore views influenced by Seagreen 1 offshore wind farm, moderating susceptibility, but with a distinctive seascape setting that contributes to the visual amenity experienced from the town.