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[1] ‘There is international consensus that ‘one third for the birds’ is an appropriate ecosystem based target as described by Cury et al. (2011). Considering a range of seabirds and different prey fish models indicate a tendency for seabird breeding success to be reduced once forage fish abundance falls below one-third of the long-term maximum abundance of the prey stock. This has been proposed as the “Cury threshold” to maintain forage fish stocks above levels required by dependent predators.